Here are some definitions of terms that may be unfamiliar to you.

Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Scoliosis appearing at or about the start of puberty and before maturity.

Congenital
There is an abnormality that was present at birth.

Congenital or Osteogenic Scoliosis
Scoliosis due to congenitally abnormal ribs or vertebrae.

Costoplasty (Costectomy)
Cosmetic operation to remove the prominent ribs on the convex side in order to improve the appearance. A costoplasty is not always required and may be performed at the same time as spinal fusion, or subsequently.

Idiopathic Scoliosis
A scoliosis of unknown origin or cause (from the Greek idio=own, pathos=disease).

Infantile Idiopathic Scoliosis
An idiopathic scoliosis developing before the age of five years.

Juvenile Idiopathic Scoliosis
An idiopathic scoliosis developing between five years of age and the start of puberty.

Kyphoscoliosis
When both kyphosis and scoliosis are present.

Kyphosis
The spine is curved, but in an outward (towards the back) rather than sideways (as in scoliosis) direction.

Marfan's syndrome
Cause unknown but symptoms can include the following: dislocation of the lens of the eye, arachnodactyly (long, spider-like fingers), high arched palate, unusually stretchable ligaments, foot problems, abnormalities of the heart, scoliosis. Note that not all these symptoms are necessarily present in the same patient and sometimes the condition remains mild.

Neurofibromatosis
A disease which produces many coffee-coloured skin patches, and sometimes lumpy nodules of the nerve and fibrous tissue. It can sometimes cause scoliosis  and may produce a characteristically sharp edged curve.

Rib Prominence
With scoliosis there is a rotation (twisting) of the vertebrae. Since the ribs are attached to the vertebrae, this causes a rib prominence in the back on the side of the curvature (convexity) and rib depression on the opposite side (concavity).

Scoliosis
Lateral (sideways) curvature of the spine

Spinal Fusion
Surgical operation to stabilise the spine by taking away movement in the vertebrae involved in the spinal curvature.