Neuromuscular scoliosis
The term neuromuscular scoliosis is used to describe curvature of the spine in children with any disorder of the neurological system. Common categories include cerebral palsy, spina bifida, muscular dystrophies and spinal cord injuries. In most of these children the unifying feature is weakness of the trunk. Nerves can be affected from the brain (eg, cerebral palsy) down to the spinal cord (eg, poliomyelitis). If the muscles do not work, such as in spinal muscular atrophy or Duchenne muscular dystrophy, then scoliosis can develop.
Patients with these conditions often develop scoliosis and/or kyphosis (round back). As they grow and their trunk muscles get weaker, there is progressive collapsing of the spine, producing a long, c-shape scoliosis. The curvature of the spine worsens during growth spurts. These curves tend to be progressive, with the rate of progression becoming worse during rapid growth. For children confined to a wheelchair, progressive curves can affect the child's ability to be seated comfortably, thereby affecting their quality of life and function. A progressive or large curve can affect a child’s pulmonary function by leading to collapse of the torso and raising of the diaphragm, which reduce the space for the lungs. This diminished space can manifest itself in recurrent pneumonias.
For further information about neuromuscular scoliosis, including causes, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis, please download our comprehensive advice sheet (PDF 48KB). There is also an account of what it is like to have neuromuscular scoliosis, which can be found in our personal accounts section. You may also find the video on postural care on the Mencap website useful for information on protecting and restoring body shape.
If you would like to talk further about any aspect of scoliosis, SAUK is here to help; please call our helpline or contact us via post or e-mail.